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Original research GREEN AI IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND LEGAL LIABILITYPages 315-324
Abstract
This article explores two interrelated aspects of implementing Green Artificial Intelligence (Green AI) in sustainable agriculture: the economic efficiency of such investments and the gaps in the legal framework governing liability for potential damages. Amidst the growing adoption of precision farming systems, there is a persistent lack of research that quantitatively assesses investment risks at the farm level, alongside a near absence of analysis concerning the legal implications of using autonomous agricultural machinery. Employing a mixed-method approach, the authors conduct stochastic investment modeling for various Green AI technology configurations and a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory frameworks in Russia, the EU, and the USA. The findings demonstrate the commercial attractiveness of these solutions for medium-sized grain farms; however, they also reveal a significant dependence of profitability on external market factors and confirm the presence of considerable downside risks. The legal analysis identifies a systemic normative vacuum: none of the jurisdictions examined have specific sectoral rules governing tort liability for damage caused by autonomous agricultural systems, and existing mechanisms (contract law, product liability directives) are not adapted to the specific nature of self-learning algorithms. The novelty of this work lies in its interdisciplinary synthesis of economic and legal approaches, allowing quantifiable economic uncertainty and legal unpredictability to be viewed as interconnected barriers. The conclusions provide an evidence base for developing targeted subsidy mechanisms, risk-sharing instruments, and, critically, for reforming liability regimes without which the scalable and responsible deployment of Green AI remains uncertain.
Keywords:
Green AI, Sustainable Agriculture, Economic Efficiency, Legal Liability, Precision Farming, Monte Carlo Simulation, Comparative Law, Agri-Tech Regulation.
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Larisa A. Aguzarova, 
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